Resumo O tempo de transplante e o genótipo contribuem para melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade da cultura da berinjela (Solanum melongena L.). Um experimento de campo foi conduzido para investigar o impacto da aplicação foliar de triacontanol (TRIA) e genótipos de berinjela 25919, Nirala, 28389 e Pak-10927, transplantados em 1 de março, 15 de março e 1 de abril de exposição a condições de alta temperatura do ar. O experimento foi realizado de acordo com o Randomized Complete Block Design e os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Tuckey. O TRIA foi aplicado a 10 µM na fase de floração; água destilada foi utilizada como controle. Taxa de fotossíntese e transpiração, condutância estomática, eficiência do uso da água e efeitos sobre as enzimas antioxidantes (superóxido dismutase, catalase e peroxidase) foram avaliados. O TRIA 10 µM aumentou a taxa de fotossíntese e a eficiência do uso da água e o rendimento foi melhorado em todos os genótipos transplantados nas diferentes datas. A aplicação foliar de TRIA 10µM aumentou as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, POD e CAT) e melhorou os atributos fisiológicos e bioquímicos de genótipos de berinjela expostos a condições de alto calor. A atividade mais elevada da enzima dismutase 5,41mg / 1g FW foi registrada no genótipo Nirala no segundo transplante. Considerando que o mais baixo foi observado em PAK-10927 (2,30 mg / g FW). A produtividade máxima de frutos foi encontrada no acesso 25919 (1,725 kg por planta) no 1º transplante com Triacontanol, enquanto o acesso PAK-10927 deu a menor produção (0,285 kg por planta) no tratamento de controle no 3º transplante. Genótipo, data de transplante e aplicação de TRIA, melhoramento do crescimento, rendimento e atributos de qualidade sob estresse térmico em berinjela.

Abstract Transplanting time and genotype contribute to improving crop yield and quality of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of foliar applied of triacontanol (TRIA) and eggplant genotypes 25919, Nirala, 28389 and Pak-10927,transplanted on 1 March,15 March, and 1 April on exposure to high air temperature conditions. The experiment was performed according to Randomized Complete Block Design and the data was analyzed by using Tuckey,s test . The TRIA was applied at 10µM at flowering stage; distilled water was used as the control. Rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and effects on antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) were evaluated. The 10µM TRIA increased photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency and yield was improved in all genotypes transplanted at the different dates. Foliar application of 10µM TRIA increased antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, POD & CAT) and improved physiological as well as biochemical attributes of eggplant genotypes exposed to high heat conditions. Highest activity of dismutase enzyme 5.41mg/1g FW was recorded in Nirala genotype in second transplantation. Whereas, lowest was noted in PAK-10927 (2.30mg/g FW). Maximum fruit yield was found in accession 25919 (1.725kg per plant) at 1st transplantation with Triacontanol, whereas accession PAK-10927 gave the lowest yield (0.285 kg per plant) at control treatment on 3rd transplantation. Genotype, transplanting date and application of TRIA improved growth, yield and quality attributes under of heat stress in eggplant.

The present study was conducted to find out the dietary effects of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) supplemented diets on the production performance of four close-bred flocks (CBFs) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) breeders. A total of 960 twelve-week-old birds of four CBFs were randomly divided into four groups (n = 240) with 12 replicates (n = 20). Birds were fed a corn-based basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.0% MOS for 15 weeks. The authors analysed the data by two-way ANOVA techniques using SAS (Statistical Analysis System). Birds fed MOS-supplemented diets had significantly higher body and egg weight, egg mass, and egg number than the control group. Similarly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR)/dozen eggs, FCR/kg egg mass, and mortality were significantly lower in MOS supplemented groups. However, no significant effect of MOS supplementation was recorded on feed intake and egg production of birds. None of the parameters differed significantly among CBFs. The results showed that feeding MOS as a replacement for antibiotic growth factor may positively influence the production performance and health of Japanese quail breeders.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannan-oligosaccharides' (MOS) supplementation on hatching characteristics of four close-bred flocks (CBFs) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) breeders. A total of 960 Japanese quail breeders, aged 12 weeks old, were randomly selected and divided into four groups (n = 240) with twelve replicates (n = 20) in a completely randomized design (15 ♂ : 5 ♀). The birds were a fed corn-based basal diet (group D) or basal diet supplemented with MOS at the levels of 0.25 % (group A), 0.5 % (group B) and 1.0 % (group C) for 15 weeks. The collected data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA techniques using Statistical Analysis System. The fertility and hatchability of 0.50 % MOS-supplemented group was significantly higher than other treatment groups. Similarly, fertility and hatchability percent of fertile eggs of Kaleem flock was significantly higher than other flocks, while dead in-shells were significantly lower in Sadat flock. Conclusively, MOS supplementation positively influences the fertility and hatchability of quail breeders.

OBJECTIVES: To utilize single photon emission computerized tomography performed in sequence to determine the osseo-integrating capabilities and osteoblastic activities of a new bone regeneration technique called the membrane - sandwich technique (Ogunsalu sandwich bone regenerating technique) and to compare the quality and quantity of bone formed by this bone regeneration unit to bone regeneration obtained by using the same particulate bone grafting material covered with interceed® (another type of bio-resorbable membrane). DESIGN AND METHOD: Single photon emission computerized tomography bone imaging was performed in sequence on the mandible of a total of 6 pigs on both the right and left side (total of 12 sites) at two and a half hours following the injection of technetium 99m methylene diphosphate. Imaging was performed using a Siemen Orbitar II gamma camera. The projection data was acquired in a 128 x 128 matrix over 180 arc and SPECT reconstruction was performed using a filtered back projector method with a Shepp-Logan Hanning filter and a cut-off frequency of 0.4. The surgical defect on one side of the jaw was treated with the sandwich unit with Bio-oss particulate bone within it, while the other side contained the same quantity of Bio-oss as in the left side but just covered with interceed® membrane. The osteoblastic uptake on the side with the classical sandwich was compared to the side with the particulate bone covered with interceed® membrane for dynamic physiological activities. The average activity for both sides was calculated and compared. RESULT: For all the 12 sites, osteoblastic activities were recorded and indicated that vascularized bone was formed at all the experimental sites. Autogenous bone graft was confirmed to be superior to xenograft using this sandwich technique. Furthermore, the osteoblastic activities on the sandwich side were seen to be more when compared with the control side (Interceed® side). CONCLUSION: The Ogunsalu sandwich bone regeneration technique has been successfully evaluated with SPECT which shows osteoblastic activity with formation of vascularized bone which integrates with the surrounding bone.

OBJETIVOS: Utilizar la tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único (TCEFU) realizada en secuencia, a fin de determinar la capacidad óseo-integradora y las actividades osteoblásticas de una nueva técnica de regeneración del hueso, denominada técnica de membrana-sándwich, y comparar la calidad y cantidad de hueso formado por esta unidad de regeneración ósea con la regeneración ósea obtenida mediante el mismo material de injerto de hueso particulado cubierto con interceed® (otro tipo de membrana bioreabsorbible). DISEÑO Y MÉTODO: Mediante TCEFU, se realizó un estudio de imágenes óseas en secuencia, de la mandíbula de un total de 6 cerdos, a los lados izquierdo y derecho (un total de 12 sitios) a las dos horas y media, luego de una inyección de difosfato de metileno marcado con tecnecio 99 m. El examen de imágenes fue realizado usando una cámara gamma Siemens Orbiter tipo II. Los datos de la proyección fueron adquiridos en una matriz de 128 x 128 sobre un arco de 180 y la reconstrucción con TCEFU se realizó usando un método de retroproyección filtrada, con un filtro Shepp-Logan-Hanning y una frecuencia de corte de 0.4. El defecto quirúrgico en un lado de la mandíbula fue tratado con la unidad de sándwich con hueso particulado bio-oss dentro, mientras que el otro lado contenía la misma cantidad de Bio-oss del lado izquierdo, pero cubierto con una membrana de interceed®. La respuesta osteoblástica en el lado con el sándwich clásico fue comparada con el lado del hueso particulado cubierto con la membrana de interceed® en cuanto a actividades fisiológicas dinámicas. La actividad promedio de ambos lados fue calculada y comparada. RESULTADO: En los 12 sitios, las actividades osteoblásticas fueron registradas de forma indicando que se formó hueso vascularizado en todos los sitios experimentales. Se confirmó que el injerto óseo autógeno es superior al xenoinjerto que usa esta técnica de sándwich. Además, se observó que las actividades osteoblásticas en el lado del sándwich eran más en comparación con el lado control (lado del interceed®). CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica de Ogunsalu para la regeneración ósea por "sándwich" o membrana inter-posicional, ha sido exitosamente evaluada mediante TCEFU, concluyéndose que la misma consiste en la actividad osteoblástica con formación de hueso vascularizado que se integra al hueso circundante.

Various bone regeneration techniques have evolved recently but controversies regarding vascularization and integration of such bone grafting techniques have led occasionally to animal experiment to validate such techniques. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evidence of vascularization and osseo-integration of a new bone regeneration technique utilized for the closure of oro-antral communication (OAC) by an experimental model in which Single Photon Emission computerized Tomography and histological studies were conducted in pigs. We conclude that the sandwich technique used for the closure of OAC results in a vascularized new bone formation which eventually osseo-integrate with the surrounding bone. Also, this experimental study confirmed that autogeneous bone graft was superior to xenografts when used within the sandwich unit.

Varias técnicas de regeneración de huesos han sido desarrolladas recientemente, pero las controversias con respecto a la vascularización e integración de tales técnicas de injerto de hueso han llevado de vez en cuando a la experimentación con animales, a fin de validar estas técnicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la evidencia de vascularización e integración ósea de una nueva técnica de regeneración de hueso utilizada para el cierre de la comunicación oro-antral (COA), mediante un modelo experimental en el que se practicó la tomografía computarizada mediante emisión de fotones simples y se realizaron estudios histológicos en cerdos. Concluimos que la técnica de sándwich usada para el cierre de COA da lugar a una formación ósea vascularizada que acaba produciendo una oseointegración con el hueso circundante. Asimismo, este estudio experimental confirmó que el injerto óseo antólogo es superior a los xenoinjertos cuando se usa dentro de la unidad de sándwich.